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Aldosterone synthase normally is not ACTH sensitive, and is only activated by angiotensin II. [citation needed] Aldosterone causes the tubules of the kidneys to retain sodium and water. This increases the volume of fluid in the body and drives up blood pressure. [citation needed] Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol within the ...
Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase or P450C18, is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone and other steroids. The enzyme catalyzes sequential hydroxylations of the steroid angular methyl group at C18 after initial 11β ...
Steroid desmolases. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (20,22-desmolase) – steroid synthesis; 17,20-Lyase (17,20-desmolase) – androgen synthesis; Steroid hydroxylases. 11β-Hydroxylase – corticosteroid synthesis; 17α-Hydroxylase – androgen and glucocorticoid synthesis; 18-Hydroxylase (aldosterone synthase) – mineralocorticoid ...
These enzymes are nearly identical (they share 11β-hydroxylation and 18-hydroxylation functions), but aldosterone synthase is also able to perform an 18-oxidation. Moreover, aldosterone synthase is found within the zona glomerulosa at the outer edge of the adrenal cortex; 11β-hydroxylase is found in the zona fasciculata and zona glomerulosa.
Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands, and colon. [ 6 ]
In humans and other animals, the adrenocortical hormones are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, the outer region of the adrenal gland.These polycyclic steroid hormones have a variety of roles that are crucial for the body's response to stress (for example, the fight-or-flight response), and they also regulate other functions in the body.
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Adrenal steroids such as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are commonly used as treatments in diseases such as Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. [2] CAH commonly causes overproduction of androgens, glucocorticoid treatment is used to reduce Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and reduce the production of androgens allowing for symptoms of CAH to be managed though treatment is required to be ...