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In fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears, only 57% of cases show ductal carcinoma and metaplastic components. Consequently, roughly half of MBC tumors cannot be diagnosed by FNA. Pathologic tissue diagnosis is therefore essential to distinguish MBC from other breast cancers in order to institute proper and prompt treatment.
The grading of a cancer in the breast depends on the microscopic similarity of breast cancer cells to normal breast tissue, and classifies the cancer as well differentiated (low-grade), moderately differentiated (intermediate-grade), and poorly differentiated (high-grade), reflecting progressively less normal appearing cells that have a ...
Grading in cancer is distinguished from staging, which is a measure of the extent to which the cancer has spread. Pathology grading systems classify the microscopic cell appearance abnormality and deviations in their rate of growth with the goal of predicting developments at tissue level (see also the 4 major histological changes in dysplasia ).
G (1–4): the grade of the cancer cells (i.e. they are "low grade" if they appear similar to normal cells, and "high grade" if they appear poorly differentiated) S (0–3): elevation of serum tumor markers; R (0–2): the completeness of the operation (resection-boundaries free of cancer cells or not) Pn (0–1): invasion into adjunct nerves
The basal-like carcinoma is a recently proposed subtype of breast cancer defined by its gene expression and protein expression profile. [1]Breast cancer can be divided into five molecular subtypes, including luminal subtype A, luminal subtype B, normal breast-like subtype, HER-2 overexpression subtype, and basal-like subtype. [2]
M8525/3 Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma Terminal duct adenocarcinoma; M8530/3 Inflammatory carcinoma (C50._) Inflammatory adenocarcinoma; M8540/3 Paget disease, mammary (C50._) Paget disease of breast; M8541/3 Paget disease and infiltrating duct carcinoma of breast (C50._) M8542/3 Paget disease, extramammary (except Paget disease of bone)
Prevalence has previously been controversial, with contradictory reports from studies reporting either very low prevalence, or a high prevalence. [10] With the increasing availability of screening mammography, however, tubular carcinomas are being diagnosed earlier, and more recent studies suggest tubular carcinomas represent between 8% and 27% of all breast cancers.
Histopathologic types of breast cancer, with relative incidences and prognoses. "Lobular carcinoma in situ" is at right. LCIS is identified in 0.5% to 1.5% of benign breast biopsies. These biopsies are often done in response to suspicious mammographic findings, as discussed in the Diagnosis section of this article.