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William Urban, The Origin of the Livonian War, 1558 Archived 8 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine (Lituanus, Volume 29, No.3 – Fall 1983) Andres Adamson, The Role of Duke Magnus of Holstein in the Baltic Sea Region during the Livonian War Archived 2 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine (2006, dissertation)
Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results 1558–1583 [1] Livonian War [1] Russian invasion of Livonia (1558–1560) [2] Lithuanian–Muscovite war (1562–1570) Truce 1570–1576; Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (1577–1582) [3] Livonian Confederation (1558–61, Lithuanian protectorate since 1559 [2]) Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1559–61, 1562 ...
The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (also referred to as the Russo-Polish War) [3] took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582. Polish–Lithuanian forces led by Stephen Báthory successfully fought against the army of Russian tsar Ivan IV ("the Terrible") over the Duchy of Livonia and Polotsk .
Conclusion of the Treaty of Pozvol in 1557. Painting by Maurycy Gottlieb, 1874.. The Treaty or Peace of Pozvol, Pasvalys or Pozwol was a peace treaty and an alliance concluded on 5 and 14 September 1557 between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish-Lithuanian union, whereby the former put its territories under Polish-Lithuanian protection. [1]
During the Livonian War, Livonia was invaded by the Russian army of Tsar Ivan IV.After defeat in the Battle of Ergeme in 1560, the weakened Livonian Order was dissolved, and the Duchy of Livonia and Duchy of Courland and Semigallia were ceded to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania according to the Treaty of Vilnius (1561).
Radziwiłł's cavalry raided deep into the Grand Duchy of Moscow, reaching the Upper Volga. That made the raid one of the most distant Lithuanian raids. The raid was successful: Radziwiłł's men gained much loot, protected the main Polish–Lithuanian forces, and contributed to Tsar Ivan IV agreeing to negotiate the Truce of Jam Zapolski. [1]
Stephen Báthory near Pskov.Painting by Jan Matejko, 1872. Truce of Yam-Zapolsky, orange indicates territories recovered by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Truce or Treaty of Yam-Zapolsky (Ям-Запольский) or Jam Zapolski, signed on 15 January 1582 between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia, was one of the treaties that ended the Livonian War. [1]
[2] On 6 July, the new king Magnus of Livonia departed from Moscow with 20,000 Russian soldiers for the conquest of Swedish-controlled Reval. [1] Ivan's hope for the support of King Frederick II of Denmark, the older brother of Magnus, failed. By the end of March 1571, Magnus gave up the struggle for Reval and abandoned the siege. [3]