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The pith ball can be charged by touching it to a charged object, so some of the charges on the surface of the charged object move to the surface of the ball. Then the ball can be used to distinguish the polarity of charge on other objects because it will be repelled by objects charged with the same polarity or sign it has, but attracted to ...
The number of degrees twisted to bring the balls back together is in exact proportion of the amount of charge of the ball of the carrier rod. Francis Ronalds , the inaugural Director of the Kew Observatory , made important improvements to the Coulomb torsion balance around 1844 and the modified instrument was sold by London instrument-makers. [ 6 ]
The separation of charges is microscopic, but since there are so many atoms in the pith ball the total force is strong enough to pull the pith ball toward the external charge. Date 2 October 2012, 20:05:16
The charged aerosol detector (CAD) is a detector used in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to measure the amount of chemicals in a sample by creating charged aerosol particles which are detected using an electrometer.
In the earliest developments of coulometry, Faraday proposed the first instrument to measure charge by utilizing the electrolysis of water. [4] Surface coulometry, the method of determining metallic layers or oxide films on metals, was first applied by American Chemist G. G. Grower in 1917 by checking the quality of tinned copper wire. [5]
[4]: p.711–713 If, while it is close to the positive charge, the above object is momentarily connected through a conductive path to electrical ground, which is a large reservoir of both positive and negative charges, some of the negative charges in the ground will flow into the object, under the attraction of the nearby positive charge. When ...
A semiconductor detector in ionizing radiation detection physics is a device that uses a semiconductor (usually silicon or germanium) to measure the effect of incident charged particles or photons. Semiconductor detectors find broad application for radiation protection , gamma and X-ray spectrometry , and as particle detectors .
Mulliken charges arise from the Mulliken population analysis [1] [2] and provide a means of estimating partial atomic charges from calculations carried out by the methods of computational chemistry, particularly those based on the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method, and are routinely used as variables in linear regression (QSAR [3]) procedures. [4]