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L – Lie/Social Desirability: Although the first 3 scales were predicted upon a biologically based theory of personality, the fourth scale has not been theoretically specified to the same extent, but it was considered to be conceptually strong to the extent that it would demonstrate the same degree of measurement similarity across cultures. [4]
(1) I feel sad. (2) I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it. (3) I am so sad or unhappy that I can't stand it. When the test is scored, a value of 0 to 3 is assigned for each answer and then the total score is compared to a key to determine the depression's severity. The standard cut-off scores were as follows: [7]
The Morrisby Profile [1] [2] is a matched series of timed cognitive aptitude tests. The current version is screen-based and was first published in 2014. In this version, five different aptitudes are assessed: verbal, numerical, abstract, spatial and mechanical. The assessments each present a series of items and the candidate selects their ...
These versions were evaluated using several criteria, such as internal consistency of the scales (or how much the items in one scale correlate with each other). The ability to fake good or bad while taking the test was also evaluated using a sample of college students that were given different instructions on how to answer the test. [3]
Because the Wechsler tests included non-verbal items (known as performance scales) as well as verbal items for all test-takers, and because the 1960 form of Lewis Terman's Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales was less carefully developed than previous versions, Form I of the WAIS surpassed the Stanford–Binet tests in popularity by the 1960s. [2]
The tests were originally developed by John C. Raven in 1936. [3] In each test item, the subject is asked to identify the missing element that completes a pattern. Many patterns are presented in the form of a 6×6, 4×4, 3×3, or 2×2 matrix , giving the test its name.
Psychometrics deals with measurement of psychological attributes. It involves developing and applying statistical models for mental measurements. [2] The measurement theories are divided into two major areas: (1) Classical test theory; (2) Item Response Theory. [3]
Because it is often regarded as superior to classical test theory, [3] it is the preferred method for developing scales in the United States, [citation needed] especially when optimal decisions are demanded, as in so-called high-stakes tests, e.g., the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT).