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Ethnogenesis (from Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos) 'group of people, nation' and γένεσις (génesis) 'beginning, coming into being'; pl. ethnogeneses) is the formation and development of an ethnic group. [1] [2] This can originate by group self-identification or by outside identification.
The process that results in emergence of such identification is called ethnogenesis. Members of an ethnic group, on the whole, claim cultural continuities over time, although historians and cultural anthropologists have documented that many of the values, practices, and norms that imply continuity with the past are of relatively recent invention.
Ethnocide is the extermination or destruction of ethnic identities. [1] [2] [3] Bartolomé Clavero differentiates ethnocide from genocide by stating that "Genocide kills people while ethnocide kills social cultures through the killing of individual souls". [4]
An ethnoreligious group (or an ethno-religious group) is a grouping of people who are unified by a common religious and ethnic background. [1]Furthermore, the term ethno-religious group, along with ethno-regional and ethno-linguistic groups, is a sub-category of ethnicity and is used as evidence of belief in a common culture and ancestry.
The Pashtun people are classified as an Iranian ethnic group.They are indigenous to southern Afghanistan and western Pakistan. [1] [2] Although a number of theories attempting to explain their ethnogenesis have been put forward, the exact origin of the Pashtun tribes is acknowledged as being obscure. [3]
The definition of Croatian ethnogenesis begins with the definition of ethnicity, [1] according to which an ethnic group is a socially defined category of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural or other experience, and which shows a certain durability over the long period term of time. [2]
Since the Second World War, most scholars, accepting parts of the "ethnogenesis" model associated with the Vienna school, have tended to emphasize that the name, language and traditions of Goths of the 3rd century need not imply any a single large-scale migration, or similar ancestral connection, to the Gutones or other peoples with similar names.
Academics have also considered the etymological roots of the stems Armen-and Hay-, from which derive the modern exonym and endonym of Armenia and Armenians, in order to propose candidates for groups (i.e., Proto-Armenians) who may have contributed to the Armenian ethnogenesis. These propositions are purely speculative and are largely based on ...