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An outcome measure, endpoint, effect measure or measure of effect is a measure within medical practice or research, (primarily clinical trials) which is used to assess the effect, both positive and negative, of an intervention or treatment. [1] [2] Measures can often be quantified using effect sizes. [3]
The reliability (statistics) and validity (statistics) of any measure of health status must be known so that their impact on the assessment of health outcomes can be taken into account. In mental health services these values may be quite low, especially when carried out routinely by staff rather than by trained researchers, and when using short ...
The goal of outcomes research, is to measure tangible events experienced by the patient such as mortality and morbidity. [2] Patient engagement in research presents opportunities to increase outcomes of both the studies themselves as well as the patients and their medical conditions. [10]
2. Determining how to measure these domains through the selection of validated instruments. By providing a common framework for measuring and reporting outcomes, a COS ensures consistency and comparability across studies, leading to more reliable and meaningful data in research on a particular health condition. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Imagine a study evaluating a test that screens people for a disease. Each person taking the test either has or does not have the disease. The test outcome can be positive (classifying the person as having the disease) or negative (classifying the person as not having the disease).
Meanwhile, a core outcome measure set based on PROMS was developed with routine data and validated for operationalizing success in multimodal pain therapy. [30] Validation studies suggest also suitability for depicting long-term success in the sense of sustainability of treatment effects. [11]
Additionally, some health conditions, such as for prostate cancer treatment, lack patient-centered outcomes to inform comparative effectiveness research. [ 11 ] While there remains a widespread lack of understanding on the potential impact of CER in the U.S. and a reluctance to fully adopt the concept as part of our healthcare system, research ...
Although this p-value objectified research outcome, using it as a rigid cut off point can have potentially serious consequences: (i) clinically important differences observed in studies might be statistically non-significant (a type II error, or false negative result) and therefore be unfairly ignored; this often is a result of having a small ...