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  2. Minimum obstacle clearance altitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_obstacle_clearance...

    The MOCA seen on the NACO en route chart, may have been computed by adding the required obstacle clearance (ROC) to the controlling obstacle in the primary area or computed by using a TERPS chart if the controlling obstacle is located in the secondary area. This figure is then rounded to the nearest 100 foot increment, i.e. 2,049 feet becomes ...

  3. Instrument flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_flight_rules

    A clearance always specifies a clearance limit, which is the farthest the aircraft can fly without a new clearance. In addition, a clearance typically provides a heading or route to follow, altitude, and communication parameters, such as frequencies and transponder codes. In uncontrolled airspace, ATC clearances are unavailable.

  4. CRAFT (aviation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRAFT_(aviation)

    The initial altitude is sometimes stated on the charts. If not, it will be given by the air traffic controller. The departure frequency is given to the pilot when ATC hands the aircraft over to the next sector. A typical IFR clearance would be: OOABC, cleared to Ostend via the DENUT 7C departure, climb flight level six zero, squawk four six ...

  5. Minimum crossing altitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_crossing_altitude

    In this case, a segment of an airway ending at fix ABC has a MEA of 5200 feet MSL, and the minimum obstacle clearance altitude (MOCA) required to clear an obstacle six nautical miles from the fix within the next segment is 6620 feet MSL. The total increase in altitude from 5200 feet to 6620 feet over that distance is 1420 feet.

  6. Instrument rating in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_Rating_in_the...

    Under FAR 61.57, to be eligible to fly in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) an IFR-rated pilot must accomplish and log at least the following IFR procedures under actual or simulated IMC every 6 months: 6 instrument approaches. Holding procedures. Intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems.

  7. Minimum off-route altitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_off-route_altitude

    A minimum off-route altitude (MORA) provides a quick way for an aircraft pilot to read the minimum altitude required for terrain and obstacle clearance. MORAs give at least 1,000 feet altitude clearance above terrain and obstacles such as radio masts, and 2,000 feet where the terrain and obstacles exceed 5,000 feet. [1]

  8. Instrument rating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_rating

    Instrument rating refers to the qualifications that a pilot must have in order to fly under instrument flight rules (IFR). It requires specific training and instruction beyond what is required for a private pilot certificate or commercial pilot certificate, including rules and procedures specific to instrument flying, additional instruction in meteorology, and more intensive training in flight ...

  9. Military operations area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_operations_area

    Whenever an MOA is active, nonparticipating IFR traffic may be cleared through the area provided ATC can ensure IFR separation; otherwise, ATC will reroute or restrict nonparticipating IFR traffic. Although MOA's do not restrict VFR operations, pilots operating under VFR should exercise extreme caution while flying within, near, or below an ...