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Although the chart lists 15 OT levels above the state of Clear, [10] only seven were released during Hubbard's lifetime. [1]: 101 OT VIII was released to the public in 1988, two years after Hubbard's 1986 death — to be performed only on Scientology's ship Freewinds.
Hubbard claimed that thetans were once tricked into following religions, which prevented them from using their own power to create and destroy universes. [ 6 ] : 81–82 The Church claims that an OT is not dependent on the physical universe, and Scientologists who have attained the highest Operating Thetan level claim that they have control ...
Hubbard forms a rival Hubbard College, also in Wichita, and disputes control of the copyrights of the Dianetics materials. [ 7 ] : 199–200 May: Hubbard publicly announces the formal establishment of the philosophy of Scientology and the formation of the Hubbard Association of Scientologists , demonstrates the E-meter , and moves to Phoenix ...
3 charts that help explain how Americans feel about vaccines ... October 31, 2024 at 12:38 PM. Vaccines have saved countless lives, but Americans’ attitudes toward them have shifted, especially ...
In psychology and sociology, the Thurstone scale was the first formal technique to measure an attitude. It was developed by Louis Leon Thurstone in 1928, originally as a means of measuring attitudes towards religion. Today it is used to measure attitudes towards a wide variety of issues.
Hubbard (1911–1986) was the founder of Scientology. [57] Mary Sue Hubbard Mary Sue Hubbard (1931–2002) was the wife of L. Ron Hubbard, Controller of the Guardian's Office. [35] After being convicted in the United States v. Hubbard case, Miscavige convinced her to step down and retire. [58]: 265–266 Norman Starkey
Groups opposed to President Donald Trump's agenda and his top adviser Elon Musk converged on cities across the nation Monday to express outrage with slogans such as "Not My President's Day" and ...
— L. Ron Hubbard (Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, 1999 paperback edition, p. 69) Despite the lack of scientific basis for his claims, [2] Hubbard's book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health claimed that the reactive mind is composed of impressions of past events of pain and unconsciousness, which he called engrams.