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Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or scatter factor (SF) is a paracrine cellular growth, motility and morphogenic factor. It is secreted by mesenchymal cells and targets and acts primarily upon epithelial cells and endothelial cells , but also acts on haemopoietic progenitor cells and T cells .
Despite the fact that cellular senescence likely evolved as a means of protecting against cancer early in life, SASP promotes the development of late-life cancers. [ 18 ] [ 43 ] Cancer invasiveness is promoted primarily through the actions of the SASP factors metalloproteinase , chemokine , interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8).
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF receptor) [5] [6] is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MET gene. The protein possesses tyrosine kinase activity. [ 7 ] The primary single chain precursor protein is post-translationally cleaved to produce the alpha and beta subunits, which are disulfide linked to form the mature receptor.
Furthermore, forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) as a transcription factor is an essential molecular marker of regulatory T (T reg) cells. FOXP3 polymorphism (rs3761548) might be involved in cancer progression like gastric cancer through influencing Tregs function and the secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. [76]
Tumor markers can be molecules that are produced in higher amounts by cancer cells than normal cells, but can also be produced by other cells from a reaction with the cancer. [ 2 ] The markers can't be used to give patients a diagnosis but can be compared with the result of other tests like biopsy or imaging.
A biomarker may be used to see how well the body responds to a treatment for a disease or condition. Also called molecular marker and signature molecule." [18] In cancer research and medicine, biomarkers are used in three primary ways: [19] To help diagnose conditions, as in the case of identifying early stage cancers (diagnostic)
17311 Ensembl ENSG00000049130 ENSMUSG00000019966 UniProt P21583 P20826 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003994 NM_000899 NM_013598 NM_001347156 RefSeq (protein) NP_000890 NP_003985 NP_001334085 NP_038626 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 88.49 – 88.58 Mb Chr 10: 99.85 – 99.94 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Stem cell factor (also known as SCF, KIT-ligand, KL, or steel factor) is a cytokine ...
PDGF subunits -A and -B are important factors regulating cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, cell growth, development and many diseases including cancer. [2] There are two forms of the PDGF-R, alpha and beta each encoded by a different gene. [3] Depending on which growth factor is bound, PDGF-R homo- or heterodimerizes. [4]