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The Toba eruption (also called the Toba supereruption and the Youngest Toba eruption) was a supervolcanic eruption that occurred around 74,000 years ago, during the Late Pleistocene, [2] at the site of present-day Lake Toba, in Sumatra, Indonesia.
The Toba eruption (the Toba event) occurred at what is now Lake Toba about 73,700±300 years ago. [15] It was the last in a series of at least four caldera-forming eruptions at this location, with the earlier known caldera having formed around 1.2 million years ago. [16]
Eruptions the size of that at Lake Toba 74,000 years ago, at least 2,800 cubic kilometres (670 cu mi), or the Yellowstone eruption 620,000 years ago, around 1,000 cubic kilometres (240 cu mi), occur worldwide every 50,000 to 100,000 years.
Year Disaster event Notes; disaster type, people killed, region affected, etc. 75,000–70,000 BP: Prolonged volcanic winter: Long lasting volcanic winters following the Toba catastrophe have been hypothesised to have killed every human not living in Africa at the time.
The active volcanic arc creating supervolcano that today become Lake Toba in Sumatra. The massive eruption of the Toba supervolcano that occurred some time between 69,000 and 77,000 years ago (72,000 BC) instigated the Toba catastrophe theory , a global volcanic winter that caused a bottleneck in human evolution.
According to the Toba catastrophe theory, [182] the event may have reduced human populations to only a few tens of thousands of individuals. Yellowstone Caldera is another such supervolcano, having undergone 142 or more caldera -forming eruptions in the past 17 million years. [ 183 ]
Toba catastrophe theory. A study is released suggesting that humanity flourished even after Lake Toba erupted 74,000 years ago. (International Business Times) Discoveries of exoplanets. K2-155d, a Super-Earth exoplanet, is discovered and could produce life.
This was somewhat surprising since the present day effective population size of humans is estimated to be only ~10,000. If true that means that the human lineage would have experienced an immense decrease of its effective population size (and thus genetic diversity) in its evolution. (see Toba catastrophe theory) A and B are two different loci ...