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A P wave (primary wave or pressure wave) is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology. P waves travel faster than other seismic waves and hence are the first signal from an earthquake to arrive at any affected location or at a seismograph. P waves may be transmitted through gases, liquids, or solids.
Upon reaching the outer core the wave reflects as a P wave. sPKIKP is a wave path that begins traveling towards the surface as an S wave. At the surface, it reflects as a P wave. The P wave then travels through the outer core, the inner core, the outer core, and the mantle.
The P waves are refracted by the liquid outer core of the Earth and are not detected between 104° and 140° (between approximately 11,570 and 15,570 km or 7,190 and 9,670 mi) from the hypocenter. [7] [8] This is due to Snell's law, where a seismic wave encounters a boundary and either refracts or reflects. In this case, the P waves refract due ...
Both arrhythmias have at least 3 different P-wave morphologies in a single ECG lead, but the heart rate is different. When the heart rate is lower than 100 beats per minute, the heart rhythm is considered wandering atrial pacemaker. When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute, the heart rhythm is considered multifocal atrial ...
Regular rhythm, with less than 0.16-second variation in the shortest and longest durations between successive P waves; The sinus node should pace the heart – therefore, P waves must be round, all the same shape, and present before every QRS complex in a ratio of 1:1. Normal P wave axis (0 to +75 degrees)
Different wave shapes generated by different parts of the heart's action potential The ECG complex. P=P wave, PR=PR interval, QRS=QRS complex, QT=QT interval, ST=ST segment, T=T wave Principle of ECG formation. The red lines represent the depolarization wave, not bloodflow. An electrocardiogram is a recording of the electrical activity of the ...
The situation becomes much more complicated in the case of non-normal incidence, due to mode conversion between P-waves and S-waves, and is described by the Zoeppritz equations. In 1919, Karl Zoeppritz derived 4 equations that determine the amplitudes of reflected and refracted waves at a planar interface for an incident P-wave as a function of ...
Incident P and S wave phases for a receiver function. As a P wave in the mantle passes upwards through the Moho, it is partially converted into an S wave. Both the P-wave and S-wave (known as Ps) are picked up by the seismometer on the Earth's surface and can be used to analyze discontinuities within the Earth. In addition to these P and Ps ...