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Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin, also known as tetanus immune globulin (TIG) and tetanus antitoxin, is a medication made up of antibodies against the tetanus toxin. [1] It is used to prevent tetanus in those who have a wound that is at high risk, have not been fully vaccinated with tetanus toxoid , or have HIV/AIDS .
Diagnosis is based on the presenting signs and symptoms. The disease does not spread between people. [1] Tetanus can be prevented by immunization with the tetanus vaccine. In those who have a significant wound and have had fewer than three doses of the vaccine, both vaccination and tetanus immune globulin are recommended. The wound should be ...
Neonatal tetanus (trismus nascentium) is a form of generalised tetanus that occurs in newborns. Infants who have not acquired passive immunity from an immunized mother are at risk. It usually occurs through infection of the unhealed umbilical stump, particularly when the stump is cut with a non-sterile instrument.
Tetanus antiserum was developed in 1890, with its protective effects lasting a few weeks. [9] [10] The tetanus toxoid vaccine was developed in 1924, and came into common use for soldiers in World War II. [2] [11] Its use resulted in a 95% decrease in the rate of tetanus. [2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [12]
Tetanus toxin (TeNT) is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani [1] in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus. It has no known function for clostridia in the soil environment where they are normally encountered. It is also called spasmogenic toxin, tentoxilysin, tetanospasmin, or tetanus neurotoxin.
In 2016, the CDC reported that 80.4% of children in the US had received four or more DTaP vaccinations by 2 years of life. [20] Vaccination rates for children aged 13–17 with one or more TDaP shots was 90.2% in 2019. [20]
Plates vi & vii of the Edwin Smith Papyrus (around the 17th century BC), among the earliest medical guidelines. A medical guideline (also called a clinical guideline, standard treatment guideline, or clinical practice guideline) is a document with the aim of guiding decisions and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas of healthcare.
[6] [1] Tetanospasmin ("tetanus toxin") is a potent toxin with an estimated lethal dose less than 2.5 nanograms per kilogram of body weight, and is responsible for the symptoms of tetanus. [6] [1] Tetanospasmin spreads via the lymphatic system and bloodstream throughout the body, where it is taken up into various parts of the nervous system. [6]