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Halogenation of benzene where X is the halogen, catalyst represents the catalyst (if needed) and HX represents the protonated base. A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol , will react without a catalyst , but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst .
Several examples can be found in organic syntheses. [13] Below lithium–halogen exchange is a step in the synthesis of morphine. Here n-butyllithium is used to perform lithium–halogen exchange with bromide. The nucleophilic carbanion center quickly undergoes carbolithiation to the double bond, generating an anion stabilized by the adjacent ...
A good example of a substitution reaction is halogenation. When chlorine gas (Cl 2) is irradiated, some of the molecules are split into two chlorine radicals (Cl•), whose free electrons are strongly nucleophilic. One of them breaks a C–H covalent bond in CH 4 and grabs the hydrogen atom to form the electrically neutral HCl.
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide -containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers , drugs . [ 1 ]
Electrophilic halogenation; Electrophilic amination; Elimination reaction; Emde degradation; Emmert reaction; Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone-alkylation reaction; Ene reaction; Enyne metathesis; Epoxidation; Erlenmeyer synthesis, Azlactone synthesis; Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis; Eschenmoser fragmentation; Eschenmoser ...
Pages in category "Halogenation reactions" The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. ... Electrophilic halogenation; F. Finkelstein reaction; Free ...
A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group. [1]The general chemical formula of the halogen addition reaction is:
A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] If the two carbon atoms at the double bond are linked to a different number of hydrogen atoms, the halogen is found preferentially at the carbon with fewer ...