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Macintyre's X-Ray Film is an 1896 documentary radiography film directed by Scottish medical doctor John Macintyre. The film shows X-ray images of a frog's knee joint and an X-ray radiograph of an adult's heart and digestive tract (using bismuth as contrast). Each image was captured in 1/300th of a second.
"First X-ray cinematograph film ever taken shown by Dr. Macintyre at the London Royal Society 1897. Shots of X-ray picture of frog's knee joint (.11); X-ray radiograph of adult, each picture taken in the 300th part of a second. A series of these pictures enable us to see a complete cycle of the movements of the heart.
Unprotected experiments in the U.S. in 1896 with an early X-ray tube (Crookes tube), when the dangers of radiation were largely unknown.[1]The history of radiation protection begins at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries with the realization that ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources can have harmful effects on living organisms.
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In early 1896, there was a wave of excitement following Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery of X-rays on 5 January. During the experiment, Röntgen "found that the Crookes tubes he had been using to study cathode rays emitted a new kind of invisible ray that was capable of penetrating through black paper". [ 8 ]
On 11 January 1896 he made the first use of X-rays under clinical conditions when he radiographed the hand of an associate, revealing a sterilised needle beneath the surface. [4] A month later on 14 February he took the first radiograph to direct a surgical operation. He also took the first X-ray of the human spine.
On 29 May 1896 at Adelaide, Bragg demonstrated before a meeting of local doctors the application of "X-rays to reveal structures that were otherwise invisible". Samuel Barbour , senior chemist of F. H. Faulding & Co. , an Adelaide pharmaceutical manufacturer, supplied the necessary apparatus in the form of a Crookes tube , a glass discharge tube.
On the late Friday evening of 8. November 1895, Röntgen discovered for the first time the rays which penetrate through solid materials and gave them the name X-rays. He presented this in a lecture and publication On a new type of rays - Über eine neue Art von Strahlen on 23 January 1896 at the Physical Medical Society of Würzburg. [1] [2] [3]