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An MSA plate with Micrococcus sp. (1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2) and S. aureus colonies (3). Mannitol salt agar or MSA is a commonly used selective and differential growth medium in microbiology. It encourages the growth of a group of certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others. [1]
About 33% of the U.S. population are carriers of S. aureus and about 2% carry MRSA. [131] Even healthcare providers can be MRSA colonizers. [132] The carriage of S. aureus is an important source of hospital-acquired infection (also called nosocomial) and community-acquired MRSA.
In the United States, an estimated 95 million people carry S. aureus in their noses; of these, 2.5 million (2.6% of carriers) carry MRSA. [114] A population review conducted in three U.S. communities showed the annual incidence of CA-MRSA during 2001–2002 to be 18–25.7/100,000; most CA-MRSA isolates were associated with clinically relevant ...
Staphylococcus growth in Baird-Parker (BP) agar.. Baird-Parker agar is a type of agar used for the selective isolation of gram-positive Staphylococci species. [1] It contains lithium chloride and tellurite to inhibit the growth of alternative microbial flora, while the included pyruvate and glycine promote the growth of Staphylococci. [1]
It is used to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens and food. It was first described by Vogel and Johnson, who modified the Tellurite Glycine Agar recipe by Zebovitz et al. by doubling the mannitol concentration to 1% (w/v) and adding Phenol red as a pH indicator. [1] It is widely available commercially.
The first S. aureus genomes to be sequenced were those of N315 and Mu50, in 2001. Many more complete S. aureus genomes have been submitted to the public databases, making it one of the most extensively sequenced bacteria. The use of genomic data is now widespread and provides a valuable resource for researchers working with S. aureus.
For example, if a microbiologist observes colonies that resemble a Staphylococcus species, they may perform a catalase test to confirm that it belongs to the genus Staphylococcus, and a coagulase test to determine whether it is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus or a more pathogenic species, such as S. aureus. [3]: 101 [8]: 203
Importantly, S. aureus is generally coagulase-positive, meaning that a positive coagulase test would indicate the presence of S. aureus or any of the other 11 coagulase-positive Staphylococci. [1] A negative coagulase test would instead show the presence of coagulase-negative organisms such as S. epidermidis or S. saprophyticus.
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