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The satellite designs also required that the Space Shuttle have a 4.6 by 18 m (15 by 60 ft) payload bay. NASA evaluated the F-1 and J-2 engines from the Saturn rockets , and determined that they were insufficient for the requirements of the Space Shuttle; in July 1971, it issued a contract to Rocketdyne to begin development on the RS-25 engine.
The combined space station and Air Force payload requirements were not sufficient to reach desired shuttle launch rates. Therefore, the plan was for all future U.S. space launches—space stations, Air Force, commercial satellites, and scientific research—to use only the Space Shuttle. Most other expendable boosters would be phased out.
The most massive payload launched by the Space Shuttle was the Chandra X-ray Observatory in 1999 at 50,162 lb (22,753 kg), including its Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) and support equipment. [41] The Shuttle was capable of returning approximately 16,000 kg (35,000 lb) of cargo to Earth.
The Block 2 version of Starship is 52.1 m (171 ft) tall, 9 m (30 ft) wide, [1] and is composed of four general sections: the engine bay, the oxygen tank, the fuel tank, and the payload bay. [2] The retired Block 1 was constructed in a similar manner, though it was only 50.3 m (165 ft) tall.
The Block 2 version of Starship is 52.1 m (171 ft) tall, 9 m (30 ft) wide, [63] and is composed of four general sections: the engine bay, the oxygen tank, the fuel tank, and the payload bay. [8] The retired Block 1 was constructed in a similar manner, though it was only 50.3 m (165 ft) tall.
A Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) is a large pressurized container that was used on Space Shuttle missions to transfer cargo to and from the International Space Station (ISS). Two MPLMs made a dozen trips in the Shuttle cargo bay and initially berthed to the Unity and later the Harmony module on the ISS. Once attached, supplies were ...
The four currently active space station cargo vehicles. Clockwise from top left: Progress, Cargo Dragon 2, Cygnus, Tianzhou. A number of different spacecraft have been used to carry cargo to and from space stations .
Flight Support Structure in Columbia 's payload bay under the 180 degree mark on the -V3 plane of the Hubble Space Telescope during STS-109.. Berthing of spacecraft can be traced at least as far back as the berthing of payloads into the Space Shuttle payload bay. [10]