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Self defined ethnicity (SDE) codes are a set of codes used by the Home Office in the United Kingdom to classify an individual's ethnicity according to that person's self-definition. The codes are also called "18 + 1" codes, as there are 18 of them, plus one code (NS) for "not stated". [ 1 ]
IC codes (identity code) or 6+1 codes are police codes used in the United Kingdom to visually describe the apparent ethnicity of a person. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They originated in the late 1970s. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
The police services of the UK began to classify arrests in racial groups in 1975, but later replaced the race code with an Identity Code (IC) system. [ 31 ] One of the recommendations of the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry was that people stopped and searched by the police should have their self-defined ethnic identity recorded.
A police radio code is a brevity code, usually numerical or alphanumerical, used to transmit information between law enforcement over police radio systems in the United States. Examples of police codes include " 10 codes " (such as 10-4 for "okay" or "acknowledged"—sometimes written X4 or X-4), signals, incident codes, response codes , or ...
The decision in this case allowed for greater police discretion in identifying suspicious or illegal activities. This case resulted in the creation of the Terry stop, in which the police may stop a person based on reasonable suspicion of involvement in criminal activity. [10] In 1975, United States v. Brignoni-Ponce was decided.
Some believe race and ethnicity are encoded by the "living-kinds" scheme, [15] others argue it is by the "social grouping" scheme, [16] and still others assert that race and ethnicity are encoded by a separate scheme evolved for the specific purpose of identifying race/ethnicity. [17]
Emily Kathryn Murphy, 38, faces one charge of misdemeanor ethnic intimidation "specifically for her actions" at the West Asheville Library on June 29, the Asheville Police Department said Sept. 9.
Identity code may refer to: IC codes , used by British police forces in radio communications to specify a person's ethnicity Base station identity code , in mobile communications