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Logs with a higher density than the density of water would sink. [2] Other logs would get caught in jams, sloughs, or floods, and become lodged in the riverbed. Such logs were often known as "sinkers" or "deadheads." Loggers attempted to reduce the number of logs which remained in the river in order to maximize profits, but some losses were ...
There the logs were decked onto "rollways." In spring when snow thawed and water levels rose, the logs were rolled into the river, and the drive commenced. [6] To ensure that logs drifted freely along the river, men called "log drivers" or "river pigs" were needed to guide the logs. The drivers typically divided into two groups.
In the early days, felled logs were transported using simple methods such as rivers to float tree trunks downstream to sawmills or paper mills. This practice, known as log driving or timber rafting, was the cheapest and most common. Some logs, due to high resin content, would sink and were known as deadheads.
A "full deck" of logs awaiting the mill. A log pond is a small natural lake or reservoir used for storage of wooden logs in readiness for milling at a sawmill.Although some mill ponds served this purpose for water-powered sawmills, steam-powered sawmills used log ponds for transportation of logs near the mill; and did not require the elevation drop of watermill reservoirs.
Antique Dutch windmills used to pump water into the embanked river to prevent waterlogging of the lowlands behind them. Waterlogging water is the saturation of soil with water. [1] Soil may be regarded as waterlogged when it is nearly saturated with water much of the time such that its air phase is restricted and anaerobic conditions prevail.
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A crew of log buckers with crosscut saws in 1914. [1] Bucker limbing dead branch stubs with a chainsaw, also known as knot bumping Bucker making a bucking cut with a chainsaw Bucking, splitting and stacking logs for firewood in Kõrvemaa, Estonia (October 2022) Bucking is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. [2]
They remain in warm water only long enough to obtain food, and then return to cooler areas where their metabolism can operate more slowly. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Alternatively, organisms feeding on the bottom in cold water during the day may migrate to surface waters at night in order to digest their meal at warmer temperatures.