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The MT-ATP6 gene provides information for making a protein that is essential for normal mitochondrial function. The human MT-ATP6 gene, located in mitochondrial DNA, is 681 base pairs in length. [7] An unusual feature of MT-ATP6 is the 46-nucleotide gene overlap of its first codons with the end of the MT-ATP8 gene.
The most common MT-ATP6 mutation found with Leigh syndrome is a point mutation at nucleotide 8993 that changes a thymine to a guanine. This and other point mutations associated with Leigh syndrome destabilize or malform the protein complex and keep energy production down in affected cells. [ 11 ]
With respect to the reading frame (+1) of MT-ATP8, the MT-ATP6 gene starts on the +3 reading frame. The MT-ATP8 protein weighs 8 kDa and is composed of 68 amino acids . [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The protein is a subunit of the F 1 F o ATPase, also known as Complex V , which consists of 14 nuclear- and 2 mitochondrial-encoded subunits.
Start codon (blue circle) of the human mitochondrial DNA MT-ATP6 gene. For each nucleotide triplet (square brackets), the corresponding amino acid is given (one-letter code), either in the +1 reading frame for MT-ATP8 (in red) or in the +3 frame for MT-ATP6 (in blue). In this genomic region, the two genes overlap.
English: The human genes MT-ATP8 and MT-ATP6 located in the mitochondrial DNA and coding for the ATP synthase F0 subunits 8 and 6 overlap on 46 nucleotides. The DNA sequence of this region of the human mitochondrial genome is given in black (positions 8,525 to 8,580 in the sequence accession NC_012920).
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MT-ND1 is a gene of the mitochondrial genome coding for the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1) protein. [5] The ND1 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase , which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain . [ 6 ]
This chronotype prefers to go to bed at around 11 p.m., according to the Sleep Foundation report. Bears account for around 55% of individuals. Wolf chronotypes are similar to "night owls."
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