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In addition to their role in base excision repair, DNA glycosylase enzymes have been implicated in the repression of gene silencing in A. thaliana, N. tabacum and other plants by active demethylation. 5-methylcytosine residues are excised and replaced with unmethylated cytosines allowing access to the chromatin structure of the enzymes and ...
They also identified several regulatory factors for plant cold stress response. In addition, they discovered a number of plant miRNAs and siRNAs, and elucidated their function in regulating plant stress responses. [15] In epigenetics, Zhu's lab discovered the Arabidopsis 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/lyase ROS1 in 2002.
Uracil-DNA glycosylase (also known as UNG or UDG) is an enzyme. Its most important function is to prevent mutagenesis by eliminating uracil from DNA molecules by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond and initiating the base-excision repair (BER) pathway.
The process is non-templated (unlike DNA transcription or protein translation); instead, the cell relies on segregating enzymes into different cellular compartments (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, cisternae in Golgi apparatus). Therefore, glycosylation is a site-specific modification.
DNA repair mechanisms take on a vital role in maintaining the genomic integrity of cells from different organisms, in particular 3-Methyladenine DNA glycosylases are found in bacteria, yeast, plants, rodents, and humans. Therefore, there are different subfamilies of this enzyme, such as the Human Alkyladenine DNA Glycosylase (hAAG), that act on ...
DNA methylation can be lost passively with each cell division, because newly synthesized strands of DNA lack DNA methylation until it is re-added by one of the maintenance DNA methylation pathways. [134] DNA methylation can also be actively removed in plants by DNA glycosylases, which remove methylated cytosines via the base excision repair ...
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NEIL1 is also capable of removing lesions from single-stranded DNA as well as from bubble and forked DNA structures. Because the expression of NEIL1 is cell-cycle dependent, and because it acts on forked DNA structures and interacts with PCNA and FEN-1 , it has been proposed that NEIL1 functions in replication associated DNA repair.