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When an aircraft follows the course line, the difference in the depths of the modulation between the two frequencies is zero. This difference is conventionally displayed by the deflection of a moving coil indicator or needle on an instrument known as a horizontal situation indicator (HSI).
The modulation depth of each 90 Hz and 150 Hz signal changes according to the deviation of the aircraft from the correct position for the aircraft to touchdown on the threshold. The difference between the two signal modulation depths is zero when the aircraft is on the correct course and glidepath on approach to the runway—i.e.
The two are exchanged using the button marked with a double-headed arrow. The tuning control on the right only affects the standby frequency. Airband or aircraft band is the name for a group of frequencies in the VHF radio spectrum allocated to radio communication in civil aviation, sometimes also referred to as VHF, or phonetically as "Victor".
DVOR (Doppler VOR) ground station, collocated with DME. On-board VOR display with CDI MCT DVOR, Manchester Airport, United Kingdom.. Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range Station (VOR) [1] is a type of short-range VHF radio navigation system for aircraft, enabling aircraft with a VOR receiver to determine the azimuth (also radial), referenced to magnetic north, between the aircraft to/from ...
High Frequency Data Link (HFDL) is an ACARS communications medium used to exchange data such as Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC) messages, Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) messages and Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) messages between aircraft end-systems and corresponding ground-based HFDL ground stations.
Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave.In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the wave is varied in proportion to that of the message signal, such as an audio signal.
The modulation index (or modulation depth) of a modulation scheme describes by how much the modulated variable of the carrier signal varies around its unmodulated level. It is defined differently in each modulation scheme. Amplitude modulation index; Frequency modulation index; Phase modulation index
The datalink control and display unit (DCDU) on an Airbus A330, the pilot interface for sending and receiving CPDLC messages.. Controller–pilot data link communication (CPDLC) is a means of communication between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC communication.