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Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) describes the presence of abdominal symptoms after a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). Symptoms occur in about 5 to 40 percent of patients who undergo cholecystectomy, [1] and can be transient, persistent or lifelong. [2] [3] The chronic condition is diagnosed in approximately 10% of postcholecystectomy ...
This condition is known as refractory coeliac disease (RCD), defined as malabsorption due to gluten-related enteropathy (villous atrophy or elevated intraepitheal lymphocytes) after initial or subsequent failure of a strict gluten-free diet (usually 1 year) and after exclusion of any disorder mimicking coeliac disease.
Cholecystectomy is a common treatment of symptomatic gallstones and other gallbladder conditions. [1] In 2011, cholecystectomy was the eighth most common operating room procedure performed in hospitals in the United States. [2] Cholecystectomy can be performed either laparoscopically, or via an open surgical technique. [3] [page needed]
The prevalence of undiagnosed celiac disease has increased fourfold during the past half-century, [3] with most cases remaining unrecognized, undiagnosed and untreated, leaving celiac patients with the risk of long-term complications. [39] [46] Some people with NCGS may indeed have celiac disease. [13]
Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye, spelt and barley. [10]
Currently, CDD accounts for approximately 1% of all biliary operations to provide CBD drainage. 38% of the patients undergo CDD as a primary operation (first treatment given for a disease) and 60% of the patients undergo CDD as a secondary procedure (a surgical procedure which is performed to improve conditions found to exist during the primary ...
CD affects approximately 1–2% of general population all over the world, [18] but most cases remain unrecognized, undiagnosed and untreated, and exposed to the risk of long-term complications. [ 17 ] [ 19 ] People may experience severe disease symptoms and be subjected to extensive investigations for many years before a proper diagnosis is ...
Complications from delayed surgery include pancreatitis, empyema, and perforation of the gallbladder, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and obstructive jaundice. [13] Biliary pain in the absence of gallstones, known as postcholecystectomy syndrome, may severely affect the patient's quality of life, even in the absence of disease progression. [14]