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Ancylostoma caninum is a species of nematode known as a hookworm, which principally infects the small intestine of dogs. [1] [2] [3] The result of A. caninum infection ranges from asymptomatic cases to death of the dog; better nourishment, increasing age, prior A. caninum exposure, or vaccination are all linked to improved survival.
In humans, treatment is by anthelminthic medications, such as albendazole and mebendazole. [13] Treatment in animals can be done with a variety of anthelminthics. [1] A high-protein diet, supplemental iron, or a blood transfusion may also be necessary. [1] Levamisole and pyrantel pamoate are also used to treat hookworm anemia and hookworm disease.
In Australia, T. vulpis was the most common nematode in adult dogs, with a prevalence of 41%. [11] In red foxes, the frequency of infestation is 0.5%. [17] [18] The disease-causing effect of T. vulpis is moderate. Infected dogs show diarrhea that is bloody, in less severe cases interspersed with mucus.
Treatment is typically with the medications albendazole or mebendazole for one to three days. Iron supplements may be needed in those with anemia. [3] Hookworms infected about 428 million people in 2015. [4] Heavy infections can occur in both children and adults, but are less common in adults. [2] They are rarely fatal. [6]
Cutaneous larva migrans (abbreviated CLM) is a skin disease in humans, caused by the larvae of various nematode parasites of the hookworm family (Ancylostomatidae).The parasites live in the intestines of dogs, cats, and wild animals; they should not be confused with other members of the hookworm family for which humans are definitive hosts, namely Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.
Experiments have involved a wide range of parasites, diseases, and hosts. The effects on humans have been of special interest. The effects on humans have been of special interest. The tendency of many parasitic worms to pacify the host's immune response allows them to mollify some diseases, while worsening others.
A number of such organisms are currently being investigated for their use as treatment, including: Trichuris suis ova, [6] [7] commonly known as pig whipworm eggs; Necator americanus, [8] commonly known as hookworms; Trichuris trichiura ova, [9] commonly referred to as human whipworm eggs; and Hymenolepis diminuta, commonly known as rat tapeworm.
During the 1910s, common treatments for hookworm included thymol, 2-naphthol, chloroform, gasoline, and eucalyptus oil. [8] By the 1940s, the treatment of choice was tetrachloroethylene, [9] given as 3 to 4 cc in the fasting state, followed by 30 to 45 g of sodium sulfate. Tetrachloroethylene was reported to have a cure rate of 80 percent for ...
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