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Much of the nomenclature, methods, and applications for the study of anatomy can be traced back to the works of the ancient Greeks. [3] In the fifth-century BCE, the philosopher Alcmaeon may have been one of the first to have dissected animals for anatomical purposes, and possibly identified the optic nerves and Eustachian tubes. [4]
Together, they worked at a medical school in Alexandria that is said to have drawn people from all over the ancient world due to Herophilos's fame. His works are lost but were much quoted by Galen in the second century AD. Herophilos was the first scientist to systematically perform scientific dissections of human cadavers. [4]
The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.
c. 380 BC – Diocles wrote the oldest known anatomy book and was the first to use the term anatomy. c. 350 BC – Aristotle attempted a comprehensive classification of animals. His written works include Historion Animalium , a general biology of animals, De Partibus Animalium , a comparative anatomy and physiology of animals, and De ...
He was the first to describe the internal and anterior muscles of the malleus and the stapedius, and the complicated figure of the cochlea. He was the first to study accurately the anatomy of the teeth, and the phenomena of the first and second dentitions. Eustachius also discovered the adrenal glands (reported in 1563).
The founder of experimental biology and the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies. [57] Population genetics: Ronald A. Fisher, Sewall Wright, J. B. S. Haldane [58] Protozoology: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) [9] First to produce precise, correct descriptions ...
Djer is stated to have been the first to have made a written work on the study of anatomy, entitled Practical Medicine and Anatomical Book, which is known of, but not extant, although this attribution may represent an honorific observance indicating the book was written within the reign of the pharaoh, within which the book is known to have ...
Vesalius dissected human corpses, whereas Galen dissected animal corpses. Published in 1543, Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica [89] was a groundbreaking work of human anatomy. It emphasized the priority of dissection and what has come to be called the "anatomical" view of the body, seeing human internal functioning as an essentially ...