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Rice blast causes economically significant crop losses annually. Each year it is estimated to destroy enough rice to feed more than 60 million people. The fungus is known to occur in 85 countries worldwide [ 15 ] and as of 2003 [update] was the most devastating fungal plant pathogen in the world.
Cause undetermined golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata: Pecky rice (kernel spotting) Feeding injury by rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax: Rice tungro: Complex virus (Rice tungro bacilliform virus and Rice tungro spherical virus) transmitted by green leafhopper Nephotettix spp.) Straighthead [6] Arsenic induced, unknown physiological disorder
African rice is a tall rice plant, usually under 120 centimetres (47 in) but up to 5 metres (16 feet) for floating varieties, which may also branch and root from higher stem nodes. [4] Generally, African rice has small, pear-shaped grain, reddish bran and green to black hulls , straight, simply-branched panicles , and short, rounded ligules .
Rice plants become infected with Xanthomonas oryzae through rice seed, stem and roots that are left behind at harvest, as well as alternative weed hosts. X. oryzae lives on dead plants and seeds and probably moves plant-to-plant best through pattywater from irrigation or storms. Upon introduction to the host plant, the bacterium infiltrates the ...
Cochliobolus miyabeanus is an important plant pathogen because it causes a common and widespread rice disease that causes high level of crop yield losses. It was a major cause of the Bengal famine of 1943, where the crop yield was dropped by 40% to 90% and the death of 2 million people was recorded. [3] It is a possible agroterrorism weapon. [6]
The International Rice Genebank holds more than 127,000 accessions of rice and wild relatives and is the biggest collection of rice genetic diversity in the world. [25] [26] The International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER) was created by IRRI in 1975 as the International Rice Testing Program IRTP. [27]
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, [2] is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.
Rice plants infected with RRSV are stunted with whitish spindle-shaped outgrowths. Later the infected leaves become twisted with ragged edges, and may eventually turn brown. Rice plants may survive the infection, but yields are greatly reduced due to delayed flowering, incomplete panicle emergence, and unfilled grains. [ 6 ]