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  2. Soft engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_engineering

    Hard shoreline engineering is the use of non-organic reinforcing materials, such as concrete, steel, and plastic to fortify shorelines, stop erosion, and protect urban development from flooding. However, as shoreline development among coastal cities increased dramatically, the detrimental ecological factors became apparent.

  3. Two-stage drainage ditch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-stage_drainage_ditch

    The two stage drainage ditch is classified as a 'surface' sustainable drainage system, contrary to a sub-surface system. The two stage drainage ditch is a modification of the land whereby grass benches which serve as floodplains are formed within the land of the watershed of the water system, shown in the diagram to the right. [ 1 ]

  4. Cellular confinement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_confinement

    [5] [6] The US Army Corps of Engineers in Vicksburg, Mississippi (1981) experimented with a number of confining systems, from plastic pipe mats, to slotted aluminum sheets to prefabricated polymeric systems called sand grids and then, cellular confinement systems. Today cellular confinement systems are typically made from strips 50–200 mm ...

  5. Level spreader - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_spreader

    Illustration of a level spreader designed to infiltrate road drainage. A level spreader is an erosion control device designed to reduce water pollution by mitigating the impact of high-velocity stormwater surface runoff. It is used both on construction sites and for permanent applications such as drainage for roads and highways.

  6. Beach evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_evolution

    The cost is kept low by the use of easily available free or cost-effective local material, use of which is already known to or easily acquired by the local workforce. This solution entails beach nourishment (creating recreational area by filling with sand), and further beach expansion and prevention of beach erosion caused by longshore drift ...

  7. Low-impact development (U.S. and Canada) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-impact_development_(U...

    Broadly equivalent terms used elsewhere include Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the United Kingdom (where LID has a different meaning), water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) in Australia, natural drainage systems in Seattle, Washington, [3] "Environmental Site Design" as used by the Maryland Department of the Environment, [4] and "Onsite ...

  8. Erosion control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion_control

    Erosion control is the practice of preventing or controlling wind or water erosion in agriculture, land development, coastal areas, river banks and construction. Effective erosion controls handle surface runoff and are important techniques in preventing water pollution , soil loss , wildlife habitat loss and human property loss.

  9. Sediment control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment_control

    Treatment of silt impacted water using equipment and chemical addition, commonly called an active treatment system, is a relatively new form of sediment control for the construction industry. These systems are designed to reduce Total Suspended Solids (TSS) from entering nearby water bodies where silt pollution can be of environmental concern.