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[11] [14] The codes on catalytic converters identify the make, model and place of origin of catalytic converters, which in turn identify their value, due to variation in state emission laws. [ 11 ] [ 18 ] As an example, GD3 EA6 denotes a Toyota Prius manufactured between 2004 and 2009; [ 11 ] [ 14 ] at the peak of the PRP metal prices, its high ...
A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.
The ECE 15/05 norms (also known as the Luxemburg accord, strict enough to essentially require catalytic converters) began taking effect gradually: the initial step applied to cars of over 2000 cc in two stages, in October 1988 and October 1989. [2] There followed cars between 1.4 and 2.0 liters, in October 1991 and then October 1993.
Vehicle manufacturers were a percentage of their fleet meeting these ZEV standards over a long-term schedule (2% by model year 1998 at its start), [31] but the mandate schedule has shifted based on the unplanned rate of technology advancement and costs, and as of 2020, its current target is to reach 8% ZEV by 2025 determined by fleet credits ...
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See OBD-II PIDs#Service_01 for an extensive list. Service / Mode $02 makes Freeze Frame data accessible via the same PIDs. [33] See OBD-II PIDs#Service_02 for a list. Service / Mode $03 lists the emission-related "confirmed" diagnostic trouble codes stored. It either displays numeric, 4 digit codes identifying the faults or maps them to a ...
Monolithic catalyst supports are extruded structures that are the core of many catalytic converters, [1] most diesel particulate filters, and some catalytic reactors. Most catalytic converters are used for vehicle emissions control. Stationary catalytic converters can reduce air pollution from fossil fuel power stations.
2018 - Bharat Stage VI fuel norms from 1 April 2018 in Delhi instead of 2020. [17] 2020 – Bharat Stage VI fuel norms from 1 April 2020 nationwide switching India to world's cleanest diesel and petrol. [18] 2023 - Bharat Stage VI Second Phase Fuel norms from 1 April 2023 have only Petrol also called RDE norms with e20 fuels.
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