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Viral diseases; Alfalfa mosaic genus Alfamovirus, Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV): Andean potato mottle genus Comovirus, Andean potato mottle virus-pepper strain (APMoV) : Beet curly top
Infection of the pepper commonly starts at the soil line leading to symptoms of dark, water soaked areas on the stem. Dark lesions of the stem may girdle the plant resulting in death. Roots of the pepper plant appear brown and mushy. Leaf spots start out small and become water soaked, and as time progresses may enlarge turn tan and crack.
Pepper leaf curl virus (PepLCV) is a DNA virus from the genus Begomovirus and the family Geminiviridae.PepLCV causes severe disease especially in pepper (Capsicum spp.).It can be found in tropical and subtropical regions such as Thailand and India, but has also been detected in countries such as the United States and Nigeria.
A view of an infected pepper . Colletotrichum capsici has a broad host range but prefers peppers, yams and eggplants. On chili peppers, Capsicum annuum L., C. capsici infect the stem, fruit, and leaves of the plant, causing anthracnose, die-back and ripe fruit rot.
Capsicum annuum, commonly known as paprika, chili pepper, red pepper, sweet pepper, jalapeño, cayenne, or bell pepper, [5] is a fruiting plant from the family Solanaceae (nightshades), within the genus Capsicum which is native to the northern regions of South America and to southwestern North America.
Findings supporting border crossing for plant viruses into the invertebrate and vertebrate worlds [12] [13] Controlling the virus is important for pepper production worldwide, but recent research shows that this plant disease may be transmitted to humans. [14] [15] PMMoV is an indicator of fecal pollution in the environment.
Plants can drop 50–100% of their foliage. BLS can also affect the stems of plants, leading to elongated, raised, light-brown cankers, less than .25 inch long. (5) Defoliation occurs more commonly in pepper plants than tomatoes, so tomato plants with bacterial leaf spot often have a scorched appearance due to their diseased leaves. [2] [5]
The host-specific characteristic of many leaf spot pathogens makes diversity in plant species a way to reduce and regulate leaf spot pathogen infection levels within plant populations. [ 18 ] Prevention of leaf spot disease includes variety selection, crop rotations, plant hygiene and fungicide use for seeds and foliage. [ 19 ]