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The specific controversy in Aro concerned the replacement of a fabric top portion of an automobile convertible roof assembly. After some years, the tops became torn or discolored, often as a result of bird droppings, [3] and owners wished to replace the cloth part without buying an entire new convertible top assembly. [4]
In Aro Mfg. Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co. (Aro I), [51] the Court had considered whether Aro's supplying to GM car owners a piece of common fabric cut to fit the contours of a patented convertible top combination, where the owners wanted to replace a worn top, was contributory infringement. Because contributory infringement cannot ...
In Australia, the automotive aftermarket industry in 2013 was estimated to generate a AUD$5.2 billion turnover, with 21000 staff, and 1400 manufacturers. [6] in Europe, the total volume of Independent Aftermarket (IAM) amounted to 127 billion Euros in 2015 (end-user prices without labor and tax). At that moment there were 54 parts traders with ...
The category 'Convertible top suppliers' contains the leading producer of OEM convertible top's and retractable hardtop's (RHT). One also can find the definitions softtop and hardtop. Convertibles with a Softtop (Audi 80, BMW Z3, BMW Z4 etc) often are offered with an additional hardtop as a solution for the winter months.
The company was founded by Heinz Prechter in Los Angeles, California as the American Sunroof Company in 1965. In 2004, the aftermarket sunroof business was sold to Inalfa, and the company changed its name from American Sunroof Company to American Specialty Cars, with a "new emphasis on handling design, engineering and manufacturing of low-volume niche vehicles".
After World War II, the first example of using a fabric-covered top as a styling element, rather than a functional accessory, was the 1949 Kaiser Virginian. [3] This four-door sedan model was a fixed-roof version of the Kaiser Manhattan four-door convertible and the roof was covered with the same nylon fabric as the convertible.
The Motor & Equipment Manufacturers Association (MEMA) was founded in 1904. MEMA represents more than 1,000 companies that manufacture motor vehicle components and systems for the original equipment and aftermarket segments of the light vehicle and heavy-duty motor vehicle manufacturing industry in the United States .
The Modification and Replacement Parts Association is the Washington, D.C.-based trade association that represents manufacturers of government-approved aftermarket aircraft parts. These aircraft parts are often known as PMA parts, from the acronym for Parts Manufacturer Approval.