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First Earth orbiter [1] [2] Sputnik 2: 3 November 1957 Earth orbiter, first animal in orbit, a dog named Laika [2] [3] [4] Explorer 1: 1 February 1958 Earth orbiter; discovered Van Allen radiation belts [5] Vanguard 1: 17 March 1958 Earth orbiter; oldest spacecraft still in Earth orbit [6] Luna 1: 2 January 1959
First human-piloted space flight (Alan Shepard). First human-crewed suborbital flight. USA Freedom 7: 19 May 1961: First planetary flyby (within 100,000 km of Venus – no data returned). USSR Venera 1: 6 August 1961: First crewed space flight lasting over twenty four hours by Gherman Titov, who is also the first to suffer from space sickness ...
It was launched from Johnston Atoll on July 9, 1962, and was the largest nuclear test conducted in outer space, and one of five conducted by the US in space. A Thor rocket carrying a W49 thermonuclear warhead (designed at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory ) and a Mk. 2 reentry vehicle was launched from Johnston Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, about ...
Skylab (1973–1974), the first U.S. space station and second overall. In 1971, the Soviet Union developed and launched the world's first space station, Salyut 1. [7] The Almaz and Salyut series were eventually joined by Skylab, Mir, and Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2. The hardware developed during the initial Soviet efforts remains in use, with ...
[13] [14] [15] On June 14, 1949, the US launched the first mammal into space, a rhesus macaque monkey named Albert II, on a sub-orbital flight, though Albert II died when the parachute failed. [16] On July 22, 1951, the Soviets launched the Soviet space dogs, Dezik and Tsygan, who were the first dogs in space and the first to safely return. [17]
First parachute to be deployed on another planet (Venus) Venera 5: 1969 January 16 USSR First crew exchange in space First docking of two manned spacecraft Soyuz 4 / Soyuz 5. 1969 July 20 USA First humans on the Moon First space launch from another celestial body First sample return from the Moon Apollo 11: 1969 November 19 USA
Unsuccessful attempt to board Salyut 1 space station. 44 Georgy Dobrovolsky Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov (2) 6 June 1971 Soyuz 11: Salyut 1: 29 June 1971 Soyuz 11: Successful boarding of Salyut 1 (first crewed space station). All crew died on re-entry due to air leak. 45 David R. Scott (3) Alfred M. Worden James B. Irwin: 26 July 1971
A notable discovery in February 2013 was the transient appearance of a third Van Allen Radiation Belt, which lasted a few weeks and provided new insights into the belts' structure and dynamics. [37] The probes also revealed the long-term behavior of Earth's ring current, a major component of the magnetosphere.