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Classical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). Usually, the conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the unconditioned stimulus is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the unconditioned stimulus is an unlearned reflex response (e.g., salivation).
It may also be called "conditioned suppression" or "conditioned fear response (CFR)." [ 1 ] It is an "emotional response" that results from classical conditioning , usually from the association of a relatively neutral stimulus with a painful or fear-inducing unconditional stimulus.
Habitual learning is formed through conditioning, whether that is voluntary or involuntary. [2] Classical conditioning denotes when an organism creates reflexes based on past events. [3] A reflex is a stimulus response that happens due to a biological response and is mediated by the nervous system.
It is used when a phobia or anxiety disorder is maintained by classical conditioning. It shares the same elements of both cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied behavior analysis. [clarification needed] When used in applied behavior analysis, it is based on radical behaviorism as it incorporates counterconditioning principles.
Desensitization has also been successfully applied to other issues such as dealing with anger, if a person has trouble sleeping and certain speech disorders. Desensitization does not occur over night, there is a process of treatment. Desensitization is done on a hierarchy and happens over a number of sessions. The hierarchy goes from situations ...
Learning extinction can also occur in a classical conditioning paradigm. In this model, a neutral cue or context can come to elicit a conditioned response when it is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. An unconditioned stimulus is one that naturally and automatically triggers a certain behavioral response.
Furthermore, Zillmann also expressed that excitation transfer is not limited to face-to-face communication stimuli, as the process can occur from an array of stimuli including mediated messages. [9] Research focusing on this theory has found a correlation between cognitive levels of arousal and behavioral actions as a result of the media being ...
The CS-preexposure effect (also called latent inhibition) is the well-established observation that conditioning after exposure to the stimulus later used as the CS in conditioning is retarded. The RW model doesn't predict any effect of presenting a novel stimulus without a US. Higher-order conditioning