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Evidence-based, trauma-focused psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for PTSD. [1] [2] [3] Psychotherapy is defined as a treatment where a therapist and patient build a therapeutic relationship and focus on the patient's thoughts, attitudes, affect, behavior, and social development to lessen the patient's psychopathologies and functional impairment.
Its 2023 guideline for mental, neurological and substance use disorders recommended EMDR with moderate evidence for adults and children in treating PTSD. [35] The 2018 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies practice guidelines "strongly recommend" EMDR as an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress symptoms. [36]
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [b] is a mental and behavioral disorder [8] that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, warfare and its associated traumas, natural disaster, traffic collision, or other threats on a person's life or well-being.
There is strong evidence that CBT-exposure therapy can reduce PTSD symptoms and lead to the loss of a PTSD diagnosis. [148] In addition, CBT has also been shown to be effective for post-traumatic stress disorder in very young children (3 to 6 years of age). [149]
Education on trauma reminders (e.g., the cues, people, places etc. associated with the trauma event) helps explain to children and caregivers how PTSD symptoms are maintained. [2] An additional goal of many psychoeducation sessions is to explain the role of the brain in PTSD symptomatology.
Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a manualized therapy used by clinicians to help people recover from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions. [1] It includes elements of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments, one of the most widely used evidence-based therapies. [2]
Mindfulness and relaxation is effective for PTSD symptoms, emotion regulation and interpersonal problems for people whose complex trauma is related to sexual abuse. [63] [64] Many commonly used treatments are considered complementary or alternative since there still is a lack of research to classify these approaches as evidence based.
Prolonged exposure therapy (PE) is a form of behavior therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy designed to treat post-traumatic stress disorder. It is characterized by two main treatment procedures – imaginal and in vivo exposures. Imaginal exposure is repeated 'on-purpose' retelling of the trauma memory.
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