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Abaloparatide, sold under the brand name Tymlos among others, is a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) analog medication used to treat osteoporosis. [2] It is an anabolic (i.e., bone growing) agent. [4] The most common side effects include hypercalciuria (high calcium levels in the urine) and dizziness. [3]
Beyond adverse effects from the herb itself, "adulteration, inappropriate formulation, or lack of understanding of plant and drug interactions have led to adverse reactions that are sometimes life threatening or lethal." [3]
Yohimbine should not be confused with yohimbe [4] but often is. [5]Yohimbe is the common English name for the tree species P. johimbe (also called Corynanthe johimbe) and, by extension, the name of a medicinal preparation made from the bark of that tree, sold as an aphrodisiac. [6]
Although proposed as a potential treatment for erectile dysfunction in humans, there are concerns about its safety or effectiveness. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Side effects of using yohimbe, particularly in high doses, may include hypertension , increased heart rate, headache, nausea , tremors , and insomnia . [ 2 ]
[2] [3] By mouth they are used to treat and prevent low blood calcium, osteoporosis, and rickets. [1] By injection into a vein they are used for low blood calcium that is resulting in muscle spasms and for high blood potassium or magnesium toxicity. [2] [4] Common side effects include constipation and nausea. [1]
Rauwolscine, also known as isoyohimbine, α-yohimbine, and corynanthidine, is an alkaloid found in various species within the genera Rauvolfia and Corynanthe (including Pausinystalia). [1] It is a stereoisomer of yohimbine. [1] Rauwolscine is a central nervous system stimulant, a local anesthetic and a vague aphrodisiac. [1]
Ajmalicine, also known as δ-yohimbine or raubasine, is an antihypertensive drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. [1] It has been marketed under numerous brand names including Card-Lamuran, Circolene, Cristanyl, Duxil, Duxor, Hydroxysarpon, Iskedyl, Isosarpan, Isquebral, Lamuran, Melanex, Raunatin, Saltucin Co, Salvalion, and Sarpan. [1]
Primary, or involuntary osteoporosis, can further be classified into Type I or Type II. [1] Type I refers to postmenopausal osteoporosis and is caused by the deficiency of estrogen. [1] While senile osteoporosis is categorized as an involuntary, Type II, and primary osteoporosis, which affects both men and women over the age of 70 years.