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The GSV, a superficial vein, is the longest vein in the body. It has its origin in the dorsal venous arch of the foot, a superficial vein which connects the small saphenous vein with the GSV. It travels up the leg and medial side of the thigh to reach the groin, where it drains into the common femoral vein. [32]
It is a superficial vein, being subcutaneous (just under the skin). From its origin, it courses around the lateral aspect of the foot (inferior and posterior to the lateral malleolus ) and runs along the posterior aspect of the leg (with the sural nerve ), where it passes between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle .
The great saphenous vein (GSV) or long saphenous vein (/ s ə ˈ f iː n ə s /) is a large, subcutaneous, superficial vein of the leg.It is the longest vein in the body, running along the length of the lower limb, returning blood from the foot, leg and thigh to the deep femoral vein at the femoral triangle.
The gastrocnemius is located with the soleus in the posterior compartment of leg. It is considered a superficial muscle as it is located directly under skin, and its shape may often be visualized through the skin. Beneath the gastrocnemius (farther from the skin) is the soleus muscle.
Veins become more visually prominent when lifting heavy weight, especially after a period of proper strength training. Physiologically, the superficial veins are not as important as the deep veins (as they carry less blood) and are sometimes removed in a procedure called vein stripping, which is used to treat varicose veins.
Along the side of the muscle, and superficial to it, is the small saphenous vein. The sural nerve accompanies the small saphenous vein as it descends in the posterior leg, traveling inferolateral to it as it crosses the lateral border of the Achilles tendon. [12] The tendon is the thickest tendon in the human body. [11]
The popliteal vein may become trapped. [5] This reduces the flow of blood out of the leg, causing oedema, pain, and venous ulcers. [5] Entrapment is usually caused by gastrocnemius muscle. [5] Venography (using an x-ray) or magnetic resonance imaging can investigate it. [5] Surgery can be used to remove tissue creating pressure. [5]
Medial gastrocnemius perforator, draining into the gastrocnemius vein; Fibular perforators, usually two, one superior near the lateral aspect of the knee and one inferior at the lateral aspect of the ankle; When the valves of perforator veins become incompetent they can cause venous reflux when the muscles contract.