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The gastrocnemius muscle is superficial to (closer to the skin than) the soleus, which lies below the gastrocnemius. The plantaris muscle and a portion of its tendon run between the two muscles. Deep to it (further from the skin) is the transverse intermuscular septum , which separates the superficial posterior compartment of the leg from the ...
Along the side of the muscle, and superficial to it, is the small saphenous vein. The sural nerve accompanies the small saphenous vein as it descends in the posterior leg, traveling inferolateral to it as it crosses the lateral border of the Achilles tendon. [12] The tendon is the thickest tendon in the human body. [11]
Sural means related to the calf. [1] The term applies to any of four or five arteries arising from the popliteal artery , with distribution to the muscles and integument of the calf, and with anastomoses to the posterior tibial , medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries .
The gastrocnemius muscle is prone to spasms, which are painful, involuntary contractions of the muscle that may last several minutes. [5] A severe ankle dorsiflexion force may result in a Medial Gastrocnemius Strain (MGS) injury of the muscle, commonly referred to as a "torn" or "strained" calf muscle, which is acutely painful and disabling. [6]
The tributaries of the popliteal vein include: Veins that correspond to branches given off by the popliteal artery (see popliteal artery). the small saphenous vein, which perforates the deep fascia and passes between the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle to end in the popliteal vein. [1] [2] the fibular veins.
Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle Soleus: Posterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia; and tendinous arch extending between the bony attachments: Plantarflexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on foot
Whether incompetent perforator veins (IPVs) require treatment or not is controversial, particularly when associated with the treatment of varicose veins. [7] However research has shown that there is a clear association between the presence of IPVs and recurrent varicose veins. [8] Before 1985, the ligation of IPVs needed open surgery.
The calf veins comprise three crural veins (posterior tibial, anterior tibial, and peroneal veins) that receive blood flow from the foot sole and the intramuscular veins (soleal and gastrocnemius veins) and their joint vein (popliteal vein). The thigh veins (iliac and femoral veins) run from the calf veins toward the center. The calf and thigh ...