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In actinopterygians, the pelvic fin consists of two endochondrally-derived bony girdles attached to bony radials. Dermal fin rays (lepidotrichia) are positioned distally from the radials. There are three pairs of muscles each on the dorsal and ventral side of the pelvic fin girdle that abduct and adduct the fin from the body. [citation needed]
The pelvic fin has 4–9 rays, and the stomiiformes possess 5–24 branchiostegal rays. Their scales are cycloid , delicate and easily sloughed off; some are scaleless. The coloration is typically dark brown or black; a few (mostly Gonostomatoidei ) are silver, and photophores (light-producing organs) are common in this order.
The first dorsal fin is black; the second dorsal fin is greyish with the last ray being white. The base of the pectoral fin is greyish black, darkening to black towards the rear. The pectoral filaments are greyish-black with white tips and bases. The front part of the pelvic fin is greyish black with the rest of it being coloured white.
The snout is semi-transparent. The first and second dorsal fins, as well as the caudal fin, are pale with blackish rear margins. The membrane of the pectoral fin is blackish. The pectoral filaments are white. The forward margins and origins of the pelvic and anal fins are white, while their other parts are a dusky yellowish white.
The pectoral fin has twelve or thirteen unbranched rays, and measures 20 to 24% of the standard length of the fish, its tip not extending as far as the tip of the pelvic fin. There are four pectoral filaments with the first being the shortest; the first three filaments extend past the origin of the pelvic fin but not as far as its tip.
After treatment with white button mushroom extract in mice and patients with prostate cancer, scientists discovered a decline in the amount of immune-suppressing cells in tumors.
The lobe of the second dorsal fin is filamentous in juveniles, becoming shorter with age until at the adult stage, the lobe is shorter than the head length and the anal fin lobe. The anal fin consists of 2 detached spines followed by 1 spine anterior to 16 to 20 soft rays. The pelvic fin contains a single spine and 18 to 20 soft rays. [9]
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