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Colistin sulfate may be used to treat intestinal infections, or to suppress colonic flora. Colistin sulfate is also used in topical creams, powders, and otic solutions. Colistin A (polymyxin E1) and colistin B (polymyxin E2) can be purified individually to research and study their effects and potencies as separate compounds.
Colistin is considered to have high toxicity, mainly having renal and neurological effects, including but not limited to decreased urine secretion, increased urea nitrogen concentrations in the blood and acute tubular necrosis. [7] This is the result of Colistin removal via renal excretion, thus renal function should be monitored.
Polymyxin antibiotics are relatively neurotoxic and nephrotoxic, so are usually used only as a last resort if modern antibiotics are ineffective or are contraindicated. . Typical uses are for infections caused by strains of multiple drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteri
Rash. Lacks known anemic side-effects. A chloramphenicol analog. May inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome Tigecycline(Bs) Tigacyl: Slowly Intravenous. Indicated for complicated skin/skin structure infections, soft tissue infections and complicated intra-abdominal infections.
Consequently, treatment methods often fall back on polymyxins, particularly colistin although tetracyclines have shown promise in MDR A. baumannii. [30] [31] Colistin is considered a drug of last resort because it often causes kidney damage, among other side effects. [32]
Common side effects when given by injection include kidney problems, neurological problems, fever, itchiness, and rash. [1] Injections into muscle may result in significant pain. [1] Other serious side effects may include fungal infections, anaphylaxis, and muscle weakness. [1] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby. [1]
Other side effects may include Clostridioides difficile diarrhea and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis. [1] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby. [ 2 ] Imipenem is in the carbapenem family of medications and works by interfering with the bacteria's cell wall . [ 1 ]
Common side effects of oral antibiotics include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridioides difficile. [48] Taking probiotics during the course of antibiotic treatment can help prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea. [49]