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Urinary tract infection in pediatric patients is a significant clinical issue, affecting approximately 7% of fevered infants and children. [43] If left untreated, the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys, resulting in acute pyelonephritis, which leads to hypertension , kidney scarring , and end-stage kidney disease .
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.
In 1980s, vancomycin with a purity > 90% was available, and kidney toxicity defined by an increase in serum creatinine of at least 0.5 mg/dL occurred in only about 5% of patients. [36] But dosing guidelines from the 1980s until 2008 recommended vancomycin trough concentrations between 5 and 15 μg/mL. [ 37 ]
It may also be given rectally if the person develops an ileus. [77] Fidaxomicin is tolerated as well as vancomycin, [79] and may have a lower risk of recurrence. [76] Fidaxomicin has been found to be as effective as vancomycin in those with mild to moderate disease, and it may be better than vancomycin in those with severe disease.
Aminoglycosides — their use is extremely restricted due to risk of hearing loss and kidney damage. Amphotericin B — used for life-threatening fungal infections and primary amoebic meningoencephalitis; [3] its side effects are often severe or potentially fatal.
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An Ohio man allegedly slammed a 15-month-old girl on the floor after she wouldn’t stop crying, fracturing her skull. Two weeks later, she died of her injuries.
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign has recommended 30 mL/kg of fluid to be given in adults in the first three hours followed by fluid titration according to blood pressure, urine output, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation with a target mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 65 mmHg. [5] In children an initial amount of 20 mL/kg is reasonable in shock ...
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