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  2. Citrate synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrate_synthase

    It functions as a pace-making enzyme in the first step of the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle). [5] Citrate synthase is located within eukaryotic cells in the mitochondrial matrix, but is encoded by nuclear DNA rather than mitochondrial. It is synthesized using cytoplasmic ribosomes, then transported into the mitochondrial matrix.

  3. Methylcitrate cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcitrate_cycle

    The reaction of the methylcitrate cycle both overlaps and intertwines with the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle. Odd-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate are broken down by the β-oxidation cycle to form acetyl-CoA, which is further oxidized by the citric acid cycle, and propionyl-CoA, which is oxidized by the methylcitrate cycle ...

  4. Citric acid cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid_cycle

    Overview of the citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle, or TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) [1] [2] —is a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and alcohol.

  5. Fumarase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarase

    The function of fumarase in the citric acid cycle is to facilitate a transition step in the production of energy in the form of NADH. [12] In the cytosol, the enzyme functions to metabolize fumarate, which is a byproduct of the urea cycle as well as amino acid catabolism. Studies have revealed that the active site is composed of amino acid ...

  6. Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxoglutarate_dehydrogenase...

    The mechanism for disease-related inhibition of this enzyme complex remains relatively unknown. In the metabolic disease combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA) due to ACSF3 deficiency, mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII) is impaired, which is the precursor reaction of lipoic acid biosynthesis.

  7. Citric acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid

    Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula H O C(CO 2 H)(CH 2 CO 2 H) 2. [10] It is a colorless weak organic acid. [10] It occurs naturally in citrus fruits.In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

  8. Anaplerotic reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaplerotic_reactions

    Anaplerotic reactions, a term coined by Hans Kornberg and originating from the Greek ἀνά= 'up' and πληρόω= 'to fill', are chemical reactions that form intermediates of a metabolic pathway. Examples of such are found in the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). In normal function of this cycle for respiration, concentrations of TCA ...

  9. Malate dehydrogenase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate_dehydrogenase

    Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) (MDH) is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate using the reduction of NAD + to NADH. This reaction is part of many metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle.