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  2. Lehmer code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmer_code

    The usual way to prove that there are n! different permutations of n objects is to observe that the first object can be chosen in n different ways, the next object in n − 1 different ways (because choosing the same number as the first is forbidden), the next in n − 2 different ways (because there are now 2 forbidden values), and so forth.

  3. Necklace (combinatorics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necklace_(combinatorics)

    For a given set of n beads, all distinct, the number of distinct necklaces made from these beads, counting rotated necklaces as the same, is ⁠ n! / n ⁠ = (n − 1)!. This is because the beads can be linearly ordered in n ! ways, and the n circular shifts of such an ordering all give the same necklace.

  4. Steinhaus–Johnson–Trotter algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinhaus–Johnson...

    The ! permutations of the numbers from 1 to may be placed in one-to-one correspondence with the ! numbers from 0 to ! by pairing each permutation with the sequence of numbers that count the number of positions in the permutation that are to the right of value and that contain a value less than (that is, the number of inversions for which is the ...

  5. Stack-sortable permutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack-sortable_permutation

    The permutation graphs of stack-sortable permutations are trivially perfect. [4] For each element i of a permutation p, define b i to be the number of other elements that are to the left of and greater than i. Then p is stack-sortable if and only if, for all i, b i − b i + 1 ≤ 1. [1]

  6. Inclusion–exclusion principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion–exclusion...

    In the given example, there are 12 = 2(3!) permutations with property P 1, 6 = 3! permutations with property P 2 and no permutations have properties P 3 or P 4 as there are no restrictions for these two elements. The number of permutations satisfying the restrictions is thus: 4! − (12 + 6 + 0 + 0) + (4) = 24 − 18 + 4 = 10.

  7. Permutation codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_Codes

    A main problem in permutation codes is to determine the value of (,), where (,) is defined to be the maximum number of codewords in a permutation code of length and minimum distance . There has been little progress made for 4 ≤ d ≤ n − 1 {\displaystyle 4\leq d\leq n-1} , except for small lengths.

  8. Catalan number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_number

    C n is the number of noncrossing partitions of the set {1, ..., n}. A fortiori, C n never exceeds the n-th Bell number. C n is also the number of noncrossing partitions of the set {1, ..., 2n} in which every block is of size 2. C n is the number of ways to tile a stairstep shape of height n with n rectangles. Cutting across the anti-diagonal ...

  9. Permutation pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_pattern

    In combinatorial mathematics and theoretical computer science, a (classical) permutation pattern is a sub-permutation of a longer permutation.Any permutation may be written in one-line notation as a sequence of entries representing the result of applying the permutation to the sequence 123...; for instance the sequence 213 represents the permutation on three elements that swaps elements 1 and 2.