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This list of United States extradition treaties includes 116 countries. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The first U.S. extradition treaty was with Ecuador , in force from 1873. [ 3 ] The most recent U.S. extradition treaty is with Croatia , in force from 2022.
While technically, it has an extradition agreement with the U.S., the treaty was signed in 1996, a year before Great Britain transferred control of Hong Kong to China.
No country in the world has an extradition treaty with all other countries; for example, the United States lacks extradition treaties with China, Russia, Namibia, the United Arab Emirates, North Korea, Bahrain, and many other countries. [3] There are two types of extradition treaties: list and dual criminality treaties.
Generally under United States law (18 U.S.C. § 3184), extradition may be granted only pursuant to a treaty. [13] Some countries grant extradition without a treaty, but every such country requires an offer of reciprocity when extradition is accorded in the absence of a treaty. [13]
These treaties all came into effect in 1899, ending extraterritoriality in Japan. [54] [53] After the Allied victory in 1945, the Mutual Security Assistance Pact, and its successor treaties, between the United States, to the modern day, grant US military personnel on American bases in Okinawa extraterritorial privileges. [5]
According to Convention, the extradition (transfer) may be requested by either the state in which the sentence was imposed (the "sentencing State") or the state of which the sentenced person is a national (the "administering State"). The transfer is subject to the consent of the two States involved, and the consent of the sentenced person.
Article 6 of the Convention provides a legal basis for extradition in drug-related cases among countries having no other extradition treaties. In addition, the Convention requires the parties to provide mutual legal assistance to one another upon request, for purposes of searches, seizures, service of judicial documents, and so on.
The European Convention on Extradition is a multilateral treaty on extradition drawn in 1957 up by the member states of the Council of Europe and in force between all of them. The convention is also available for signature by non-members which as of January 2012 are Israel , South Africa and South Korea .