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In the United States, autoimmune inflammation is the most common form of thyroid disease while worldwide hypothyroidism and goiter due to dietary iodine deficiency is the most common. [35] [4] According to the American Thyroid Association in 2015, approximately 20 million people in the United States alone are affected by thyroid disease.
Hypothyroidism is classified as either primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary hypothyroidism is for when the cause is due to an abnormality of the thyroid gland, secondary hypothyroidism is when the cause is decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and tertiary hypothyroidism is when the cause is an inadequate amount of thyrotropin-releasing hormone being released.
Disease Discoverer 2600 BC: Malaria [1] 1900 BC: Rabies: 1600 BC: Cancer: Hippocrates: ca 300: Dengue: Jin Dynasty (266–420) 9th century: Measles: Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi: 14th century: African trypanosomiasis: First described by Arab traders [2] 1798: Color blindness: John Dalton: 1798: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: John Dalton: 1881 ...
Fibrous tissue may be found throughout the affected thyroid as well. [5] In late stages of the disease, the thyroid may be atrophic. [10] Severe thyroid atrophy presents often with denser fibrotic bands of collagen that remains within the confines of the thyroid capsule. [60]
However, this disease was less mentioned in medical books because it was erroneously considered to be an aesthetic rather than a clinical disorder. [18] Congenital iodine-deficiency syndrome was especially common in areas of southern Europe around the Alps and was often described by ancient Roman writers and depicted by artists.
In 1971, the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) radioimmunoassay was developed, which was the most specific marker for assessing thyroid status in patients. [82] Many people who were being treated based on basal metabolic rate, minimizing hypothyroid symptoms, or based on serum protein-bound iodine, were found to have excessive thyroid hormone. [82]
Myxedema was first treated successfully in 1891 when George Redmayne Murray diagnosed a 46-year-old woman with the disease. He prescribed an extract from sheep thyroid. The patient improved significantly within a few weeks and lived another 28 years while taking the sheep thyroid extract. [12]
The presence and diseases of the thyroid have been noted and treated for thousands of years. [91] In 1600 BCE burnt sponge and seaweed (which contain iodine) were used within China for the treatment of goitres, a practice which has developed in many parts of the world.