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An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. [ 1 ] The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον (pharmakon antidoton), " (medicine) given as a remedy". Antidotes for anticoagulants are sometimes referred to as reversal agents. [ 2 ]
Strychnos toxifera, the Strychnos species which is the principal source of 'calabash curare' and its main active constituent, the alkaloid toxiferine. Curare (/ kʊˈrɑːri / or / kjʊˈrɑːri /; kuu-RAH-ree or kyuu-RAH-ree) is a common name for various alkaloid arrow poisons originating from plant extracts.
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [ 25 ]: 1475. Specifically, cyanide binds to the heme a3-CuB binuclear center ...
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a poison produced by organisms belonging to the Tetraodontiformes order, which includes the puffer fish, ocean sunfish, and porcupine fish. [55] Within the puffer fish, TTX is found in the liver, gonads, intestines, and skin. [6] [56] TTX can be fatal if consumed, and has become a common form of poisoning in many countries.
Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride) or 2-PAM, usually as the chloride or iodide salts, belongs to a family of compounds called oximes that bind to organophosphate -inactivated acetylcholinesterase. [ 1 ] It is used to treat organophosphate poisoning [ 2 ] in conjunction with atropine and either diazepam or midazolam ...
e. A blood agent is a toxic chemical agent that affects the body by being absorbed into the blood. [ 1 ] Blood agents are fast-acting, potentially lethal poisons that typically manifest at room temperature as volatile colorless gases with a faint odor. [ 1 ] They are either cyanide - or arsenic -based.
Mustard gas or sulfur mustard are names commonly used for the organosulfur chemical compound bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide, which has the chemical structure S (CH 2 CH 2 Cl) 2, as well as other species. In the wider sense, compounds with the substituents −SCH2CH2X or −N (CH2CH2X)2 are known as sulfur mustards or nitrogen mustards ...
The primary antidote to brodifacoum poisoning is immediate administration of vitamin K 1 (dosage for humans: initially slow intravenous injections of 10–25 mg repeated at 3–6 hours until normalisation of the prothrombin time; then 10 mg orally four times daily as a "maintenance dose"). It is an extremely effective antidote, provided the ...