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Green solvents are environmentally friendly chemical solvents that are used as a part of green chemistry. They came to prominence in 2015, when the UN defined a new sustainability -focused development plan based on 17 sustainable development goals, recognizing the need for green chemistry and green solvents for a more sustainable future. [ 1 ]
Dihydrolevoglucosenone is considered a "green" replacement for DMF. [5] Several standard reactions of organic chemistry, e.g. Menshutkin reaction, [5] Sonogashira coupling, [18] Suzuki-Miyaura coupling [19] and the production of ureas [20] have been carried out in dihydrolevoglucosenone. Formation of ureas using dihydrolevoglucosenone as a solvent
The possible role of liquid ammonia as an alternative solvent for life is an idea that goes back at least to 1954, when J. B. S. Haldane raised the topic at a symposium about life's origin. [52] Numerous chemical reactions are possible in an ammonia solution, and liquid ammonia has chemical similarities with water.
More broadly, the idea of green chemistry can easily be linked (or confused) with related concepts like green engineering, environmental design, or sustainability in general. Green chemistry's complexity and multifaceted nature makes it difficult to devise clear and simple metrics. As a result, "what is green" is often open to debate. [44]
An inorganic nonaqueous solvent is a solvent other than water, that is not an organic compound. These solvents are used in chemical research and industry for reactions that cannot occur in aqueous solutions or require a special environment. Inorganic nonaqueous solvents can be classified into two groups, protic solvents and aprotic solvents.
A cosolvent miscible in both phases and able to dissolve the solute is added to form a homogeneous solution of water, organic solvent, and compound (right). In chemistry, cosolvents are substances added to a primary solvent in small amounts to increase the solubility of a poorly-soluble compound .
Dimethyl sulfoxide can often be used in place of HMPA as a cosolvent. Both are strong hydrogen bond acceptors, and their oxygen atoms bind metal cations.Other alternatives to HMPA include the N,N′-tetraalkylureas DMPU (dimethylpropyleneurea) [10] [11] or DMI (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone). [12]
2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C 5 H 10 O. It is a highly flammable, mobile liquid. It is mainly used as a replacement for Tetrahydrofuran (THF) in specialized applications for its better performance, such as to obtain higher reaction temperatures, or easier separations (as, unlike THF, it is not miscible with water).