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The Arabic script should be deducible from its transliteration unambiguously and without necessarily understanding the meaning of the Arabic text. The reverse should also be possible when the Arabic script is fully diacritized or vowelled (i.e. muxakkal with kasrah, fatHat', Dammat', xaddat', tanwiin and other Harakaat.).
The Hans Wehr transliteration system is a system for transliteration of the Arabic alphabet into the Latin alphabet used in the Hans Wehr dictionary (1952; in English 1961). The system was modified somewhat in the English editions. It is printed in lowercase italics.
Romanization is often termed "transliteration", but this is not technically correct. [citation needed] Transliteration is the direct representation of foreign letters using Latin symbols, while most systems for romanizing Arabic are actually transcription systems, which represent the sound of the language, since short vowels and geminate consonants, for example, does not usually appear in ...
A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (originally published in German as Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart 'Arabic dictionary for the contemporary written language'), also published in English as The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, is a translation dictionary of modern written Arabic compiled by Hans Wehr. [1]
His dictionary, entitled Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart, was eventually published in 1952. An English version, edited by J Milton Cowan and entitled A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, was published in 1961. [1] The dictionary used a new system of transliteration, which is today known as Hans Wehr transliteration.
A simple example of difficulties in transliteration is the Arabic letter qāf. It is pronounced, in literary Arabic, approximately like English [k], except that the tongue makes contact not on the soft palate but on the uvula, but the pronunciation varies between different dialects of Arabic.
A strict transliteration uses a system of accents, underscores, and underdots to render the original Arabic in a form that preserves all the information in the original Arabic. ALA-LC romanization is most commonly used for this purpose; other common transliteration standards include ISO 233 and DIN 31635 .
This transliteration system was adopted as an amendment to ISO 233:1984. It is used mainly in library context, and was introduced because ISO 233 was not meeting the indexing purposes, which are essential for the consistency of library catalogs. According to ISO 233-2(1993), Arabic words are vocalized prior to romanization.