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Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U) is a message used in HIV campaigns. It means that if someone has an undetectable viral load, they cannot sexually transmit HIV to others. [1] U=U is supported by numerous health groups and organisations worldwide, including the World Health Organization (WHO). [2]
An HIV-positive person who has an undetectable viral load as a result of long-term treatment has effectively no risk of transmitting HIV sexually. [15] [16] Campaigns by UNAIDS and organizations around the world have communicated this as Undetectable = Untransmittable. [17]
Following infection with HIV-1, the rate of clinical disease progression varies between individuals.Factors such as host susceptibility, genetics and immune function, [1] health care and co-infections [2] as well as viral genetic variability [3] may affect the rate of progression to the point of needing to take medication in order not to develop AIDS.
HAART also prevents the transmission of HIV between serodiscordant same-sex and opposite-sex partners so long as the HIV-positive partner maintains an undetectable viral load. [3] Treatment has been so successful that in many parts of the world, HIV has become a chronic condition in which progression to AIDS is increasingly rare.
HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus, [15] part of the family Retroviridae. [16] Lentiviruses have many morphologies and biological properties in common. Many species are infected by lentiviruses, which are characteristically responsible for long-duration illnesses with a long incubation period. [17]
WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease in Adults and Adolescents was first produced in 1990 by the World Health Organization [1] and updated in September 2005. It is an approach for use in resource limited settings and is widely used in Africa and Asia and has been a useful research tool in studies of progression to ...
U.S. FDA approves Gilead's long-acting HIV drug Sunlenca December 22, 2022 at 11:26 AM FILE PHOTO: The logo of Gilead Sciences Inc pharmaceutical company is seen in Oceanside, California
A small percentage of HIV-1 infected individuals retain high levels of CD4+ T-cells without antiretroviral therapy. However, most have detectable viral loads and will eventually progress to AIDS without treatment. These individuals are classified as HIV controllers or long-term nonprogressors (LTNP). People who maintain CD4+ T cell counts and ...