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Before this national consolidated effort for systematic and total waste management came into common consciousness, many cities and towns in India had already launched individual efforts directed at municipal waste collection of segregated waste, either based on citizen activism and/or municipal efforts to set up sustainable systems.
The waste management literature [25] for developing countries includes informal collectors at several levels: first, to understand what proportion of waste is already being collected by them; and second, to study how a waste management programme would affect their livelihoods, either positively (by improving sanitation) or negatively (by ...
Waste collection methods vary widely among different countries and regions. Domestic waste collection services are often provided by local government authorities, or by private companies for industrial and commercial waste. Some areas, especially those in less developed countries, do not have formal waste-collection systems.
A 2010 study estimates that there are 1.5 million waste pickers in India alone. [9] Brazil, the country that collects the most robust official statistics on waste pickers, estimates that nearly a quarter million of its citizens engage in waste picking. [10] Waste picker incomes vary vastly by location, form of work, and gender.
Waste collection is a part of the process of waste management. It is the transfer of solid waste from the point of use and disposal to the point of treatment or landfill . Waste collection also includes the curbside collection of recyclable materials that technically are not waste , as part of a municipal landfill diversion program.
In 2000, India's Supreme Court directed all Indian cities to implement a comprehensive waste-management programme that would include household collection of segregated waste, recycling and composting. These directions have simply been ignored. No major city runs a comprehensive programme of the kind envisioned by the Supreme Court.
Waste collection is performed by the municipality within a given area. The term residual waste relates to waste left from household sources containing materials that have not been separated out or sent for processing. [5] Waste can be classified in several ways, but the following list represents a typical classification:
Current supporters of global waste trade argue that importing waste is an economic transaction which can benefit countries with little to offer the global economy. [9] Countries which do not have the production capacity to manufacture high quality products can import waste to stimulate their economy.