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The First-tier Tribunal is a first-instance general tribunal in the United Kingdom. It was created in 2008 as part of a programme, enacted in the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 , to rationalise the tribunal system, and has since taken on the functions of 20 previously existing tribunals.
Prior to an overhaul of the tribunal system in 2008, its functions were carried out by the Mental Health Review Tribunal, which was a standalone body. In 2008 the Mental Health Review Tribunal was formally abolished as a standalone body and merged with the Health and Social Care Chamber of the newly established First-tier Tribunal (FTT).
Scotland has upper and first-tier tribunals, which mirror the UK-wide system (though their remits differ). The Upper Tribunal for Scotland acts as an appeal tribunal equivalent to the Outer House, whilst the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland hears cases at first instance or on appeal from local authorities.
There will be a right of appeal on a question of law from the First-tier to the Upper Tribunal and some limited jurisdiction for judicial review. The Upper Tribunal will be a senior court of record. There is a right of appeal to the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland or Court of Session (Scotland) (s. 13 ...
From the Upper Tribunal, there is a right of appeal to the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, Court of Appeal of Northern Ireland, or Court of Session if in Scotland. [15] Together, the First-Tier Tribunal and the Upper Tribunal may be known as the 'two-tier system'. [16]
The composition of the Tribunal will depend on from which First-tier Chamber it is hearing an appeal from. For instance: [4] Housing and Property Chamber appeals can be heard by a single sheriff; Tax chamber appeals can be heard by a single legal member; It may share members with the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland. [6]
The agency is responsible for the administration of all chambers of the First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal, together with the employment tribunals and certain other tribunals which the Tribunals Service was responsible for serving, such as the Special Immigration Appeals Commission and Proscribed Organisations Appeal Commission.
The UK-wide First-tier Tribunal exercises many similar functions to the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland, although the two are entirely separate.. Decisions made by UK Government bodies are only by heard by the UK-wide FTT, for instance benefits awarded by the Department for Work and Pensions, [12] whilst decisions made by Scottish Government bodies are only heard by the FtTfS.