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Proposed causes of demyelination include genetic predisposition, environmental factors such as viral infections or exposure to certain chemicals. Additionally, exposure to commercial insecticides like sheep dip , weed killers , and flea treatment preparations for pets, which contain organophosphates , can also lead to nerve demyelination. [ 2 ]
Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) due to the unknown etiology of some of them, are a heterogenous group of demyelinating diseases - conditions that cause damage to myelin, the protective sheath of nerve fibers - that occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process.
Demyelinating diseases of the CNS can be classified according to their pathogenesis into five non-exclusing categories: demyelination due to inflammatory processes, viral demyelination, demyelination caused by acquired metabolic derangements, hypoxic–ischaemic forms of demyelination and demyelination caused by focal compression. [3]
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP) is a peripheral neuropathy, a condition that affects the nerves. [4] Pressure on the nerves can cause tingling sensations, numbness, pain, weakness, muscle atrophy and even paralysis of the affected area. In normal individuals, these symptoms disappear quickly, but in sufferers of ...
Small fiber peripheral neuropathy is a type of peripheral neuropathy that occurs from damage to the small unmyelinated and myelinated peripheral nerve fibers. These fibers, categorized as C fibers and small Aδ fibers, are present in skin, peripheral nerves, and organs. [1]
Nerves may be myelinated or unmyelinated. Myelinated nerves have the axon covered by segments of schwann cells, which are short and concentrically wrapped around the diameter of an axon to give the appearance of a sausage-like mass and called a myelin sheath. The schwann cells are arranged in pattern such all parts of the axon are wrapped in ...
The leukodystrophies are caused by imperfect growth or development of the glial cells which produce the myelin sheath, the fatty insulating covering around nerve fibers. [2] Leukodystrophies may be classified as hypomyelinating or demyelinating diseases , respectively, depending on whether the damage is present before birth or occurs after.
The most common cause is acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy AIDP, the most common form of Guillain–Barré syndrome [13] (although other causes include chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) [14] Neuronopathy is the result of issues in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons.